Phonography  and  Mnemonics 


Hnrdlnge 


THE  LIBRARY 

OF 

THE  UNIVERSITY 
OF  CALIFORNIA 

LOS  ANGELES 


HSRDINGE'S 


MNEMONICS 


OB, 


THE  ART  OF  MEMORIZING  HISTORICAL  DATES, 


FOR  THE  USE  OF 


SCHOOLS,  ACADEMIES  AND  STUDENTS. 


COLUMBUS,    O.: 

A.  H.  SMYTHE,  Publisher. 
1880. 


J.  F.  Earhart  &  Co.,  Printers,   ColTimtns,  0. 


-*- 


preparing  this  work  for  publication,  it  has  been  the 
purpose  of  the  author  to  set  before  the  mind  of  the 
student  a  system  of  Phonography  that  does  not  re- 
quire a  life-time  almost  of  study  and  practice.  It  has  cost 
the  writer  years  of  thought  and  study  to  effect  this  object. 
The  best  instruction  is  that  which  gives  the  student 
facility  and  skill  in  practice.  It  has  been  the  determina- 
tion of  the  writer  to  invent  a  system  of  short-hand  that 
would  surpass  all  others,  not  only  in  rapidity  of  execution, 
but  the  facility  with  which  it  is  mastered. 

The  difficulty  encountered  by  students  of  former  works 
on  Phonography  is  well  known,  either  Isaac  Pitman's,  Ben- 
jamin Pitman's  Lindsay's,  Marsh's  or  Munson's,  many  a 
student  has  rejected  these  in  despair.  Though  these  sys- 
tems after  long  and  tedious  study  may  enable  the  skilled 
reporter  to  follow  the  speaker  with  ease  and  accuracy,  yet 
there  is  not  one  system  within  the  whole  range  that  is  so 
simplified  that  the  student  with  but  little  study  may  ac- 
quire facility  and  speed  in  writing  in  a  very  short  time, 


452197 


according  to  his  ability  and  application.  The  less  compli- 
cated a  piece  of  machinery  is  the  more  ingenuity  there  is 
to  be  ascribed  to  the  inventor.  On  this  ground  I  claim  the 
pre-eminence  of  the  present  system  of  Phonetic  writing. 
The  most  simplified  method  cannot  fail  from  being  pro- 
nounced THE  BEST.  I  would  call  the  attention  of  the  stu- 
dents of  the  old  system  to  this  the  main  characteristic  of 
the  present  method.  The  rate  of  speed  required  in  ver- 
batim reporting  is  from  100  to  200  words  per  minute,  or 
from  six  to  eight  times  faster  than  long-hand  writing.  To 
be  enabled  to  do  this  requires  double  the  amount  of  prac- 
tice by  the  ordinary  old  methods.  The  just  claims  of  the 
present  system  can  only  be  proven  by  close  analysis  and 
comparison.  Phonography  has  not  been  treated  with  that 
care  and  ability  which  its  importance  demands.  In  this 
age  of  invention,  steam-driving  machinery,  lightning  ex- 
press trains,  and  continual  hurry,  the  ordinary  methods  of 
writing  are  far  behind  the  front  ranks  of  the  nineteenth 
century. 

A  system  of  writing  that  will  not  weary  the  patience 
of  the  student  is  here  presented,  enabling  him  to  write  the 
words  of  the  most  rapid  speaker  verbatim.  The  mode  of 
instruction  here  presented  is  the  result  of  long  and  suc- 
cessful research,  encouraging  many  to  study  it  from  its 
very  simplicity.  The  first  elements  of  every  science  must 
be  plain,  simple  and  easy  of  perception,  and  should  be 
divested  of  every  superfluity  that  may  distract  the  atten- 


tion  or  clog  the  memory.  This  consideration  has  been  al- 
together overlooked  in  all  the  works  on  Phonography. 

In  the  whole  range  of  works  of  this  character,  not  one 
has  as  yet  met  the  demand  for  a  concise  and  comprehen- 
sive method.  Whoever  professes  to  have  improved  the 
art  of  writing  by  sound  must  claim  to  know  more  about  it 
than  the  generality  of  inventors  of  the  same.  The  praise 
and  excellence  must  needs  be  comparative,  and  only  by 
comparison  can  the  claims  of  the  present  work  be  con- 
firmed. 

Having  undertaken  and  prosecuted  this  work  with  the 
hope  of  facilitating  the  study  of  Phonography,  the  author 
now  presents  his  finished  labors  for  the  discernment  of 
those  to  whom  it  is  committed.  How  far  he  has  succeeded 
in  the  execution  of  his  design  is  left  to  the  just  decision  of 
those  who  are  qualified  to  judge. 


'HE  word  Phonography  is  formed  from  two  Greek 
words — phonos  sound,  and  grapho  to  write — to  write 
by  sound.  We  will  proceed  to  explain  how  we  may  write  by 
sound,  and  not  according  to  the  inconsistent  perplexities  of 
English  spelling.  In  works  of  this  character  the  student 
is  wearied  with  a  long  discourse  upon  language  and  the 
science  of  letters;  in  the  study  of  Phonography  we 
require  no  voluminous  compendium.  In  this  century  of 
rapid  progress  time  is  too  precious  to  be  wasted  in  super- 
fluities in  any  of  the  arts.  Laying  all  this  aside,  we  will 
begin  with  the  first  lesson  and  so  continue  with  each  one 
in  regular  order,  explaining  them  clearly  as  by  word  of 
mouth.  We  will  not  go  back  to  the  original  alphabet  of 
Cadmus  and  tire  the  student  with  that,  that  he  has  studied 
and  seen  in  print  time  and  again,  but  proceed  as  we  would 
in  oral  instruction. 


LESSON   FIRST. 
THE  ALPHABET. 


Beginning  on 
the  right. 


Hard  C  or  K. 


R 


Beginning  at 
the  bottom. 

Soft  C  or  Z. 
Beginning  at 
the  top. 


V 


Beginning  on 
the  left. 


Geometrical  Diagram  of  the  Consonants.      P^= 


a,        ai,         ah,         au. 

e,         eh. 

long  i,     short  i. 

o,  short  o,  oo,  oi,  ow. 

long  u,  short  u. 


LESSON  SECOND. 


Gombining  the  Letters  to  Form  Words. 


'HE  word  consonant  is  formed  from  the  Latin  words 
con  to  know,  and  sonant  sound,  to  know  found.  In  ver- 

• 

batim  reporting  we  dispense  with  the  vowel  sounds  almost 
altogether,  only  using  them  occasionally.  In  writing  the 
consonants  we  have  the  skeleton  of  the  word,  the  vowels 
sounding  themselves.  In  the  following  sentence  we  have 
thrown  out  the  vowels. 


Write  right  down  the  rights  of  the  church  rites. 

The  short  mark  is  an  abbreviation  signifying  q/"  the, 
which  will  be  explained  in  a  subsequent  lesson,  also  the 
abbreviated  sign  for  church. 


LESSON  THIRD. 


Illusirating  the  I/owe/  Sounds. 


The  Lord  of  all  himself  through  all  diffused, 
Sustains  and  is  the  life  of  all  that  lives. 
Nature  is  but  a  name  for  an  effect, 
Whose  cause  is  God. 


-HH 


10 


In  some  instances  the  vowel  sound  ^•BBH  ow  may  be 
joined  to  the  consonant  ap  in  the  following  word  without. 


m 


Without  our  hopes,  without  our  fears, 
Without  the  home  that  plighted  love  endears, 
Without  the  smiles  from  partial  beauty  won — 
0  what  were  man  or  world  without  a  sun  ? 


LESSON  FOURTH. 


PREFIXES  AND  TERMINATIONS. 


Con. 
Bene. 

Dis  or 

Dif. 
Affect  or 

Effect. 
Health. 

Circum. 

Mis  or 

Mai. 
Magni  or 

M*lti. 
Under. 


•  Per,  Pro, 
!    or  Pre. 


ability. 

ble  or 
bly. 

ful. 

ing. 

ish. 

logical. 

cial,  tial 

ment. 

ply,  pie. 


cious  or 
tious. 

ciate, 
tiate. 


Prate,  OVER. 
Terminations,  UNDER. 


LESSON   FIFTH 


READING  EXERCISE. 


N  the  above  quotation,  the  vowel  sounds  are  written 
by  way  of  explanation  for  beginners. 


LESSON   SIXTH. 

READING  EXERCISE. 


m 


N  this  lesson  the  learner  will  observe  that  nearly  all 
.  the  vowel  sounds  are  left  out. 


14 


Prepositions,  Conjunctions  and  Abbreviated 
Signs  for  Frequent  Words. 


Nevertheless. 

Notwithstanding. 

Altogether. 

Wherewithal. 

However. 

Moreover. 

Overwhelming. 


Henceforth. 
Whatever. 

Forever. 
Everlasting. 
End  of  sentence. 


16 


THE  *¥ORLD  + SIGNS, 


The  world. 

Half  the  world. 

Coming  into  the  world. 

Going  out  of  the  world. 

Around  the  world. 

Over  all  the  world. 

In  all  parts  of  the  world. 

By  which  the  world  has. 

Over  all  the  civilized  world. 

Over  all  God's  vast  creation. 

The  universe. 

The  regeneration  of  the  world. 

In  the  world  to  come. 

The  world  would  soon  become. 

Throughout  the  world. 

From  the  foundation  of  the  world. 


Before  the  foundations  of  the  world  were  laiJ. 

In  the  history  of  the  world. 

Occurring  in  the  world. 

The  creation. 

That  the  world  has  ever  known. 

That  the  world  has  ever  seen. 


The   short-hand  writer  will   find  these  signs   of   great 
service  to  him  in  verbatim  reporting. 


These  Signs  are  made  LARGK. 

The  Government. 

The  Nation. 

The  Country. 

The  Constitution, 

The  United  States. 

The  President  of  the  United  States. 

Throughout  the  United  States. 

The  Union. 

Congress. 

The  Commonwealth. 

America. 

Under  the  authority  of  Congress. 

The  salvation  of  the  country. 

The  state  of  the  country. 

From  all  parts  of  the  country. 

The  flag  of  our  country. 


Patriotism. 

All  over  the  country. 

In  the  history  of  the  country. 

Fellow  citizens. 

Legislation. 

Representation. 

The  Creator. 

The  God-man. 

The  glory  of  God. 

The  grace  of  God. 

The  angels  of  God. 

The  throne  of  God. 

The  kingdom  of  God. 

The  Word  of  God. 

The  Scriptures. 

The  Apostles. 


The  Evangelists. 

The  Prophts. 

The  Gospel. 

Justice. 

Kighteousness. 

In  the  life  of  our  Lord  Jesus  Christ. 

In  the  life  of  Christ. 

In  the  future  life. 

In  the  life  to  come. 

Everlasting  life. 

A  life  of  holiness. 

A  life  of  unholiness. 

Hereafter. 

From  everlasting  to  everlasting. 

Eternity. 

The  Supreme  Being. 


The  Divinity. 
The  Messiah. 
God. 
Jehovah. 
Jesus  Christ. 
Christ  Jesus. 
Jesus. 

The  Christian  Keligion 

The  Savior. 

God  our  Savior. 

The  Savior  of  the  world. 

The  Son  of  righteousness. 

The  Lord  our  Savior. 

The  death  of  the  Savior. 

The  Lord. 

Christ. 


22 


The  birth  of  Christ. 
Christ's  example. 
The  Church. 
Christianity. 
All  Christendom. 
God  the  Father. 
A  God  of  Mercy. 
A  God  of  Justice. 


an  orator  is  speaking  with  unusual 
rapidity,  we  may  use  contractions,  i.  e.  crossing 
the  first  word  of  the  sentence  with  another 
occuring  at  the  end — the  sense  will  supply  the  words 
omitted. 

The  following  words  may  be  contracted,  and  as  many 
others  as  the  ingenuity  of  the  student  may  devise. 

In  \vriting  these  contractions  care  should  be  taken  to 
cross  the  two  principal  words ;  long  sentences  may  in  this 
way  be  contracted. 

The  following  sentences  occur  frequently  ;  it  would  be 
well  for  the  learner  to  keep  the  form  of  each  one  con- 
tracted in  his  mind. 


It  would  have  been. 
Could  not  have  been. 
*  It  could  be. 
Could  it  have  been. 
It  shall  be. 
It  should  be  so. 
As  it  might  be. 
As  if  it  had. 
As  if  it  should  have  been. 

4 


It  would  not  have  been. 

It  can  be. 

It  could  have  been. 

It  has  been. 

It  should  be. 

As  it  were. 

As  it  may  be. 

As  if  it  had  been. 

It  may  have  been. 


It  might  not  have  been. 

It'  it  could  be. 

If  it  shall  be. 

If  we  are. 

If  it  must  be. 

It'  it.  may  be. 

If  it  cannot  be. 

It  will  not. 

It  we  were  to. 

Which  it.  had. 

All  which  was  most. 

Ir,  was  not  at  all. 

If  it  were  possible  for. 

It  we  could  see. 

It  is  said. 

There  are  a  great  many. 

Greater  than  all  the. 

Among  th^m  all. 

They  could  not  be. 

Over  all  o'here. 

Why  would  it  not  be. 

It  wa«  not  without. 

Is  undoubtedly. 

Ttu-y  wuiild  have  doubted. 

Li  doubt  and  uncertainty. 

D.irk  and  doubtful. 

M'/re  than  all  others. 

Whenever  we  are  in  doubt 

as  to  the. 
It  would  seem. 
It  see  ins  to  be. 
Only  those  that  are. 
It  w;is  not  until    hj. 
In  the  mid-t  of  th«». 
From  the  beginning  to  the 

end. 

Ai.d  that  it  has  been. 
As  lar  HS  ihf-y  may. 
Neil  lit  r  the  -me  or  the  other. 
Here  as  well  as  elsewhere. 


As  if  they  were. 

If  it  had  not  been  lor  tue. 

If  it  might  be. 

If  it  could  have  been. 

If  it  can  be. 

It  will  not  be. 

For  it  would  have  been. 

Which  they  had. 

Which  of  itself  would  have. 

It  is  not  at  all. 

If  it  is  possible. 

If  we  could  have  seen. 

It  was  siid  by  them. 

Great  as  were  the. 

Among  them. 

All  the  rest. 

Over  all  the  other. 

Or  of  any  other. 

Why  should  it  not  be. 

Are  undoubtedly. 

There  is  no  doubt  but  that. 

Bevond  a  shadow  of  a  doubt. 

I  diiubt  whether. 

It  is  doubtless  the. 

Without  which  we  cannot. 

It  is  not  without. 

Had  not  yet  been. 

It  does  not  seem. 

Not  only  those  of  the. 

It  is  not  alone. 

Not  merely  those  of  the. 

From  the  first  to  the  last. 

From  the  highest  to  the  lowest. 

From  the  least  to  the  greatest. 

Nothing  more  nor  less  than. 

Such  as  are. 

Here  and  there. 

In  regard  to  the. 


I  would  add  that. 
To  a  great  extent. 
With  regard  to  the. 
With  regard  to  them. 
In  relation  to. 
With  reference  to. 
Hence  it  Jollows  that. 
Indispensibly  necessary  to. 
The    circumstances    under 

which  it  was  made. 
On  account  of  the. 
Agree  in  the  conclusion  that. 
Admitting  the  necessity  of. 
Regarded  by  all  men. 
Taking  all  these  things  into 

consideration. 
Inasmuch  as. 
Again  and  again. 
It  is  utterly  impossible. 
There  may  possibly  be. 
It  is  a  mistake  to  suppose. 
They  are  said  to  have  been. 
Over  and  over  again. 
May  be  compared  with. 
Compared  with  those  who. 
Compared  with  all  the  rest. 
There  is  no  comparison. 
Comparing  them  to. 
At  times  we  are. 
Let  us  at  all  times. 
There  is  no  time  to  be  lost. 
There  are  times  when. 
A  great  many  times. 
Successive  periods  of  time. 
The  spirit  of  the  times. 
It  was  in  the  time  of  the. 
At  a  time  when. 
From  time  to  time. 
In  modern  times. 
A  great  many  times. 


It  will  be  found  that  there 

is  no. 

With  regard  to  their. 
To  which  we  have  referred. 
Contrary  to. 
May  be  regarded  as. 
Hence  the  necessity  of. 
As  far  as   the  circumstances 

will  permit. 

This  might  be  accomplished  by 
On  the  other  hand. 
We  cannot  wonder  that. 
It    is    necessary   that    there 

should  be. 
In  order  that. 
In  order  to  show. 
It  is  needless  to. 
It  is  impossible. 
Could  it  be  possible. 
It  might  have  been  possible. 
We  will  suppose  then  that. 
It  might  be  said  to  be  the. 
Compared  with  this. 
Compared  with  that  which. 
Compared  with  one  another. 
Compared  with  each  other. 
Comparing  the  two. 
There  is  a  time. 
From  time  immemorial. 
There  is  no  time  to  lose. 
The  timely  interference. 
From  the  earliest  periods  of 

time. 
From  the  remotest  periods  of 

time. 

At  so  important  a  time. 
Only  a  question  of  time. 
At  a  time  so  remote. 
In  subsequent  times. 
As  in  the  times  of  the. 


That  it  may  be. 

That  it  might  be. 

That  it  might  have  been. 

That  it  can  be. 

That  it  will  be. 

That  it  has. 

That  it  shall  be. 

That  it  should  be. 

That  it  cannot  be. 

That  it  will  never  be. 

That  it  must  never  be. 

That  it  might  never  be. 

That  it  could  be. 

That  it,  might  have. 

That  which  is  not. 

That  they  would. 

That  they  would  have  been. 

That  which  cannot. 

That  which  can  never. 

That  we  may  know. 

But  there  shall  be. 

But  also  of  the. 

But  also  of  those. 

But  there  are  some. 

But  if  it. 

But  if  it  ever. 

But  they  may  be. 

But  it  never  may  be. 

But  it  was  not  alone. 

But  also  of  some  of  the. 

There  is  but  one. 

There  are  but  few. 

But  when  it  does. 

But  when  they  are  not. 

But  such  as  are. 

But  when  it  is  not. 

As  well  as  of  the. 

As  weli  as  we  can. 

It  might  be  well  for  those. 

It  might  have  been  well  for. 


That  we  could  ever  have  been. 

That  it  does  not  seem. 

So  that  we  may. 

That  they  are  more. 

That  it  is  not  alone. 

Wherever  it  may  be. 

Wherever  they  may  be. 

Wherever  we  may  go. 

Wherever  they  may  be  found. 

Wherever  there  are  any. 

Wherever  it  had  been. 

Wherever  it  might  be. 

Where'r  we  see. 

Where'r  they  may  be  seen. 

Where'r  we  are. 

Where'r  we  may  be. 

But  there  may  be. 

But  there  might  be. 

But  there  could  be. 

But  there  should  be. 

When  we  are. 

When  they  are. 

When  it  is. 

When  we  shall. 

When  we  would. 

When  we  can. 

When  we  cannot. 

When  we  should. 

When  we  should  be. 

When  it  may  be. 

When  it  shall  be. 

Whether  they  are. 

Whether  it  is. 

Whether  it  would  have  been. 

Whether  it  should  have  been. 

Whether  it  could  be. 

Whether  it  could  have  been. 

Whether  it  must  be. 

Whether  it  might  be. 

Whether  it  mav  be. 


2T 


It  is  well  for  us. 
It  may  be  well  for  us. 
It  would  be  well  for  us. 
Whether  we  cannot. 
Whether  they  can. 
Whether  they  cannot. 
Whenever  we  are. 
Whenever  they  are. 
Whenever  it  is. 
Whenever  we  may  be. 
Whenever  it  has  been. 
Whenever  it  shall  be. 
May  we  not  have. 
Should  we  not  have. 
Miyht  not  have. 
Whatever  may  have  been  the. 
Whatever  might  have  been 

the. 
As  they  have  ever  been. 


Whether  it  might][have  been. 

Whether  it  may  have  been. 

Whether  we  can. 

As  we  have  seen. 

That  there  would  have  been 

no. 

Have  we  not. 
Have  they  not. 
Have  they  ever  been. 
There  will  be  no. 
There  may  be  no. 
There  must  be  no. 
There  might  be  no. 
If  there  were  no. 
That  there  may  be  no. 
That  there  will  be  no. 
That  there  might  be  no. 
If  there  were  no  other. 


Before  the  learner  will  be  enabled  to  write  the  words  of 
a  speaker  verbatim  in  short-hand,  it  will  be  necessary  for 
him  to  write  and  re-write  speeches,  sermons  and  the  like, 
from  books,  newspapers,  etc.  His  phonetic  writing  will 
come  to  him,  in  this  way,  almost  unconsciously. 


tt)e  ^Lrt  of  Memorizing  %Listoncal  !Dates. 


E  have  now  entered  upon  one  of  the  most  inter- 
esting studies  in  the  whole  range  of  our  knowl- 
edge, viz.:  Mnemonics,  or  the  art  of  memorizing 
historical  dates,  aiding  the  memory  in  fixing  numbers  indel- 
ibly upon  it.  Few  persons  have  the  faculty  of  remembering 
numbers  that  no  operation  of  the  mind  can  blot  them  out. 
For  the  aid  of  such  and  for  the  student  of  history,  the 
following  system  of  memorizing  numbers  is  of  inestimable 
value.  In  connection  with  his  system  of  Phonetic-writing, 
the  author  has  seen  fit  to  apply  the  several  sounds  of  the 
mouth  in  articulation  to  the  nine  digits  and  cipher.  By  the 
compression  of  the  lips  we  utter  the  first  sound  B;  in  the 
Abyssinian  and  ancient  Irish  languages  B  is  the  first  letter 
of  the  alphabet  and  is  confounded  by  the  Germans  with  P, 
uttering  these  two  letters  by  the  compression  of  the  lips  we 
call  the  first  sound.  They  are  called  labial,  because  they 
are  given  by  the  agency  of  the  lips,  by  pressing  the  whole 
length  of  the  lips  together  and  filling  the  mouth  with  the 
fullest  sound  possible,  and,  giving  the  breath  its  emission, 
we  give  these  two  letters  utterance. 


"•< 


39 


D  is  one  of  the  Roman  consonants  approaching  near  to 
the  sound  of  T.  It  may  be  considered  a  lingual  sound  as 
coming  through  the  agency  of  lingua,  the  tongue.  By  the 
emission  of  the  breath  through  the  teeth  we  hear  this  the 
second  sound.  Of  many  of  the  Oriental  languages,  the 
Greek,  Hebrew,  Phenician,  Chaldea,  Syriac  and  Samaritan, 
G  was  said  to  be  the  third  letter.  It  is  formed  by  pressing 
the  tongue  against  the  roof  of  the  mouth  with  the  emission 
of  the  breath.  By  this,  the  emission  of  th^reath  through 
the  teeth  we  say,  J,  G,  Che,  TShe,  the  third  sound. 

Forcing  the  breath  through  the  teeth  ajjfl  roof  of  the 
mouth,  we  have  the  hard  sound  of  C  or  K.  The  French 
do  not  use  the  hard  C,  on  account  of  its  harsh  sound,  ex. 
cept  in  a  few  borrowed  words  of  terms  in  the  arts.  Hard 
C  or  K  we  term  the  fourth  sound. 

L  is  classed  with  the  semi- vowels  on  account  of  its  soft 
sound.  Its  power  is  obtained  by  touching  the  end  of  the 
roof  of  the  mouth,  and  breathing  with  a  sound  which  we 
call  the  fifth  sound. 

The  letter  M  likewise  has  been  considered  a  semi-vowel. 
It  may  be  considered  as  implying  a  nasal  sound.  Next  to 
the  L  it  is  the  sixth  sound. 

N  is  also  &  semi-vowel.  It  is  sometimes  lost  in  words, 
as  in  condemn,  contemn,  etc.  It  is  considered  a  nasal  con- 
sonant, as  it  is  partly  formed  by  the  nose.  The  Hebrews 
call  it  nun,  which  signifies  child,  being  the  offspring  of  M. 
On  account  of  its  resemblance  to  that  letter,  it  is  naturally 
the  seventh  sound. 

Q,  is  considered  a  consonant  of  a  mute  order,  and  may 
be  sounded  with  the  hard  C  and  K. 

R  is  called  the  canine  letter,  because  it  is  uttered  with 


30 


some  resemblance  to  the  growl  cr  snarl  of  a  cur,  thus  in- 
curring that  name.     It  is  the  eighth  sound. 

S  is  termed  a  semi-vowel,  answering  to  the  soft  C,  and 
is  the  ninth  sound. 

To  the  French,  this  letter  is,  to  a  considerable  extent 
obnoxious,  on  account  of  its  hissing  sound,  and  in  our  own 
language,  from  its  frequent  usage. 

The  letter  V  is  considered  a  semi- vowel.  Approaching 
to  the  F,  it  has  a  vocal  and  jjoreathing  sound  at  the  same 
time.  The  V  and  F  we  term  the  tenth  and  last  intonation 
answering  to  the  cipher.  The  following  will  be  found  to 
be  a  table  of  these  sounds,  with  their  relative  numbers : 

B,  P 1 

D,  T. 2 

G,  Che,  She 3 

Hard  C  or  K 4 

L 5 

M 6 

N 7 

R 8 

Soft  C,  S  or  Z 9 

F,  V, /O 

Now  we  want  to  remember  the  exact  date,  number  for 
number,  of  the  world's  creation.  Historians  tell  us  the 
world  was  created*  4004  years  B.  C.  By  association  of 
ideas,  we  remember  tacts  and  events.  Thus  we  would  say, 
when  God  formed  the  first  man,  Adam,  there  was  no  hu- 
man habitation  for  him  to  dwell  in — he  dwelt  in  Eden, 
with  no  other  shelter  irom  the  sun  and  storm  than  the 

*  Scientific  reseaich  disproves  this  date.  See  my  work  on  the  creation  of 
the  world. 


31 


trees  and  rocks.  We  will  suppose  then,  that  Adam  dwelt 
in  a  Cave-of-Oak.  Here  we  have  the  four  sounds,  C,  T£>,  F, 
K.  Turn  to  the  table  of  the  sounds  of  the  mouth  to  find 
the  corresponding  numbers.  So  we  would  say,  Abraham 
offered  up  his  son  Isaac.  £urn-a-boy  would  be  the  words 
that  immediately  occur  to  the  mind.  Turn  to  the 
table  again,  and  find  the  numbers  corresponding  to  these 
words.  In  like  mann-er  we  memorize  all  the  dates  in  his- 
tory from  the  creation  to  the  present  time. 

The  following  table  of  dates  the  student  may  memorize 
by  this  method : 


CHRONOLOGICAL  +  DSTES 

OF  THE 

Most  Important  Events  of  Ancient  and 
Modern  History. 


4004  Creation  of  the  world. 

1921  Call  of  Abraham. 

1871  Abraham  offers  his  son. 

1867  Settlement  of  the  Israelites  in  Egypt. 

1732  Birth  of  Moses. 

1652  Exodus  of  the  Israelites  from  Egypt. 

1612  Death  of  Moses. 

2247  Tower  of  Babel  built. 

1700  Babylon,  the  Capital  of  the  Chaldees. 

1556  Athens  founded. 

1493  Cadmus  introduced  alphabetical  letters  into  Greece. 

1263  Argonautic  Expedition. 

1184  Burning  of  Troy. 

2200  Founding  of  the  City  of  Babylon  by  Nimrod. 

2700  Menes,  King  of  Egypt. 

2000  Invasion  of  the  Hyksos  or  Shepherd  Kings. 

1444  Syrians  subdued  by  the  Egyptians,  under  Thotrties. 

1320  Rameses,  the  Great  King  of  Egypt. 

1095  Saul,  first  King  of  Israel. 

1055  David  reigned  over  Israel. 

1015  Accession  of  Solomon. 

1012  Temple  of  Solomon  built. 

975  Secession  of  the  Ten  Tribes   and    division  of  the 
Kingdom  of  Israel. 

971  Jerusalem  taken  by  Shishak,  King  ot  Egypt. 

878  Carthage  founded  by  the  Tyrians,  Dido  presiding. 

776  Laws  of  Lycurgus  established  and  date  of  the  first 
Olympiad. 

721  Samaria  taken  and  end  of  the  Kingdom  of  Israel 
during  the  reign  of  Hoshea. 

752  Rome  founded  by  Romulus. 


M= 


^ ^^ 

33 


698  Invasion  of  the  Kingdom  of  Judah  by  Senacherib 
and  the  miraculous  destruction  of  his  army. 

670     Paper  made  in  Egypt. 

720     Lydians  settle  in  Asia  Minor. 

625     Taking  of  Nineveh  by  the  Medes. 

588     Jerusalem  taken  bv  Nebuchadnezzar. 

587     Tyre  taken  by  Nebuchadnezzar. 

568     Croesus  commenced  to  reign. 

546     Croesus  taken  prisoner  by  Cyrus. 

538     Babylon  taken  by  Cyrus. 

536     Restoration  of  the  Jews  by  an  edict  of  Cyrus. 

529  Cambyses  ascends  the  throne  of  Persia  after  the 
death  of  Cyrus,  the  King. 

525     Belusiane  taken  and  Egypt  subdued  by  Cambyses. 

521  Death  of  Cambyses  and  election  of  Darius  to  the 
Persian  throne. 

514     Insurrection  at  Athens. 

509     Tarquinius  expelled. 
Era  of  the  Republic. 

494     The  first  of  the  Tribunes. 

492  First  invasion  of  Greece  by  the  Persians  and  de- 
struction of  their  fleet  off  Mt.  Athos. 

490  Second  invasion  of  Greece  by  Darius  and  defeat  of 
his  army  at  Marathon,  by  the  Athenians,  under 
Miltiades. 

485  Death  of  Darius  and  succession  of  Xerxes  to  the 
Persian  throne. 

483     Aristides,  the  Just,  banished  from  Athens. 

481  Invasion  of  Greece,  by  Xerxes,  defense  of  Thermop- 
ylae and  battle  of  Salamis. 

471     Rome  becomes  a  Democracy. 
Law  of  Volero. 

461     Pericles'  accession  to  the  throne  of  Athens., 

449     End  of  the  Persian  war. 

445  Intermarriage  permitted  between  the  Patricians  and 
Plebeians. 

429     A  violent  plague  broke  out  in  Athens. 

415     Expedition  against  Sicily  under  Alcibiades. 

401     Retreat  of  the  Ten  Thousand. 

400     Death  of  Socrates. 


34 


391     Rome  taken  and  burned  by  the  Gauls. 

359     Philip  ascended  the  throne  of  Macedon. 

336     Assassination  of  Philip  by  a  young  Macedonian. 

321     Defeat  of  the  Romans  by  the  Samnites  at  Camden 

Forks.     Romans  made  to  pass  under  the  yoke. 
331     Alexander,  the  Great,  invades  Egypt  and  founds 

the  City  of  Alexandria. 
323     Death  of  Alexander  at  Babylon. 
300     Permanent  division  of  the  Empire  of  Alexander. 
280     Invasion  of  Greece  by  the  Gauls. 
2b'4     Beginning  of  the  first  Punic  war. 
255     Regulus  defeated  and  taken  prisoner. 
250     Death  of  Regulus  by  torture. 
241     End  of  the  first  Punic  war. 
218     Commencement  of  the  second  Punic  war. 
216     Romans  defeated  with  great  slaughter  at  the  battle 

of  Canna,  by  Hannibal. 

212     Death  of  Archimedes  and  end  of  second  Punic  war. 
202     Hannibal  defeated. 
150     Third  Punic  war. 
146     Carthage  taken  and  destroyed  by  the  Romans. 

70     Revolt  of  Spartacus. 

63     Conspiracy  of  Cataline. 

63     Judea  becomes  tributary  to  Rome. 

60     First    Triumviate    formed,    composed    of    Julius, 
Pompey  and  Crassus. 

55     Invasion  of  Britain  by  Caesar. 

50     Cicero  slain  on  a  litter. 

48     Burning  of  the  great  library  of  Alexandria. 

44     Caesar  assassinated  ia  the  Senate  House. 

43     Second  Triumviate  formed,  composed  of  Octavius, 
Mark  Anthony  and  Tepridus. 

42     Battle  of  Phillipi ;  death  of  Cassius  and  Brutus. 

31     Augustus   the   first   Roman    Emperor ;    defeat   of 
Antony  and  Cleopatra  by  Octavius 

30     Death  of  Antony  and  Cleopatra. 

29     Octavius  returned  to  Rome  and  was  hailed  with  the 

A  D          title  of  Augustus,  the  first  Emperor  of  Rome. 

10     Roman  army  defeated  and  destroyed  by  the  Ger- 
mans. 


35 


14     Death  of  Augustus,  and  accession  of  Tiberius,  his 

step-son. 
33     Age  of  Virgil,  Livy,  Ovid  and  Horace  ;  Crucifixion 

of  Christ. 

37     Death  of  Tiberiws. 

41     Death  of  Caligula  by  the  Praetorian  Guard. 
600     Pope  Gregory  presented  the  famous  iron  crown  to 

one  of  the  Queens  of  the  Lombards. 
571     Birth  of  Mahomet. 
622     Flight  of  Mahomet. 
632     Death  of  Mahomet. 
651     All  Persia  conquered  by  the  Saracens. 
655     Capture  of  Cyprus  and  Rhodes  by  the  Saracens,  and 

destruction  of  the  famous  Colossus  of  Phoebus. 
640     Alexandria  besieged,  and  the  great  library  burned 

the  second  time. 

711     Spain  conquered  by  the  Saracens. 
762     City  of  Bagdad  founded  on  the  River  Tigris. 
768     Charlemagne    became   sole    ruler   of    the    Franks. 
Commenced  his  happy  reign  in  the  city  of  Bagdad. 
732     Charles  Martel  defeats  the  Saracens   and   rescues 

Europe  from  tbe  Mohammedan  yoke. 
800     Charlemagne  crowned  Emperor  of  the  Romans  by 

Pope  Leo  III. 

814     Death  of  Charlemagne. 
827     Egbert  became  the  first  King  of  Britain,  and  gave 

to  the  country  the  name  of  England. 
244     Gordian  was  successful,  but  was  assassinated  by  an 

army  mutiny. 
249     Emperor  Philip,  in  an  insurrection  under  Detius, 

was  slain. 
260     Valerian   was  taken   prisoner  by  the  Sapor,  who 

practiced  great  cruelties  upon  him. 
268     Zenobia,  Queen  of  Palmyra,    defeated   and  taken 

prisoner. 

270     Death  of  the  glorious  monarch,  Claudius. 
275     Tacitus  came  to  the  throne. 
323     Constantine,  after  an  eighteen  years'  war,  became 

sole  Emperor  of  the  Roman  Empire. 
337     Death  of  Constantine. 


36  ffeu'ditige'^  f)hioi)ogr'aph,y 


325     Famous  Council  of  Nice,  to  define  the  doctrines  of 

the  Church. 

455     Rome  pillaged  by  the  Vandals  and  the  Moors. 
476     The   fall  of  the  Western   Division  of  the   Roman 

Empire,  and  the  beginning  of  the  period  known 

as  the  Dark  Ages. 

535     Justinian  reigns  and  introduces  a  new  code  of  laws. 
534     Belisarius    defeated   the    Vandals  in   Africa   and 

recovered  the  Provinces. 
565     Death  of  the  Emperor  Justinian. 
568     The  Lombards  enter  Italy  and  conquer  the  entire 

Kingdom. 
54     Emperor  Claudius  poisoned  by  his  wife  in  order  that 

Nero  might  assume  the  purple. 

68  Death  of  Nero  by  suicide. 

69  Galba,  the  successor  of  Nero  slain  and  accession  of 

Qtho. 

70  Total  siege  of  Jerusalem  by  Titus  Vespasian. 

79     End  of  the  reign  of   Vespasian,  who  commenced 

the  Coliseum ;  Age  of  Pliny,  the  naturalist. 
79     Destruction  of  Herculaneum  and  Pompeii. 
81     Death  of  Titus  Vespasian. 

96  Domitian,  the  successor  of  Vespasian,  and  the  last 
of  the  Emperors  called  the  twelve  Caesars,  was 
assassinated. 

a  38     Death  of  Adrian. 

161     Death  of  Antonius  Pius. 

180     Death  of  Marcus  Aurelius,  the  last  of  the  five  good 
Emperors ;  Decline  of  the  Roman  Empire. 

192     Commodus  was  strangled  in  his  bed  after  a  diaboli- 
cal reign  of  twelve  years. 

207     Death  of  Septimus  Severns  and  Caracalla. 

222     Heliogabalus  was  killed  and  thrown  in  the  Tiber. 

235     Alexander     Serins    assassinated    while    marching 
against  Germany. 

238     Maximin,    who   succeeded   Servius,  reigned   three 
years,  and  was  killed  by  a  Pretorian  guard. 

865     Russians  made  an  attack  upon  Constantinople. 

771     Alfred  the  Great  came  to  the  throne  of  England. 

'881     Oxford  College  founded  by  Alfred  the  Great. 


3? 


912     Normandy  founded  by  the  Northmen. 

1009     Feudal  system  commenced. 

975     Second  invasion  of  the    Russians   upon  Constanti- 
nople. 

1013  Soveyn,  the  first  Danish  King  succeeded  to  the 
throne  of  England. 

1017     Canute,  surnamed  the  great  sole  monarch  of  England. 

1066  Harold  defeated  by  William,  Duke  of  Normandy  at 
the  battle  of  Hastings. 

1097  William  the  II,  surnamed  Rufus  the  Red,  came  to 
the  throne  ;  Nice  taken  by  the  indignant  cru- 
saders. 

1100     William  II  and  Henry  the  V  came  to  the  throne. 

1135     Stephen  became  King  of  England. 

1141     Matilda,  first  Queen  of  England. 

1154  Henry  II,  first  of  the  Plantagenets,  came  to  the 
throne. 

1076     Capture  of  Jerusalem  by  the  Turks. 

1170  Thomas,  a'Becket  Archbishop  of  Canterbury,  slain 
during  the  reign  of  Henry. 

1172     Conquest  of  Ireland,  completed,  by  Henry. 

1189  Richard,  the  first  son  of  Henry,  came  to  the  throne 
of  England. 

1199     King  John  came  to  the  throne. 

1213  First  naval  engagement  between  France  and  Eng- 
land. 

1215  King  John  compelled  to  sign  the  famous   Magna 

Charta. 
1225     Second  great  crusade  against  the  Albigens,  ordered 

by  Louis   the  VIII,  under  direction  of  the  Pope. 
1229     War  closed  against  the  Albigens,  and  the  accursed 

inquisition  established  under  Pope  Boniface. 

1216  Henry  the  III   came  to  the  Ihrone  on  the  death  of 

his  father,  John. 

1258     Termination  of  the  great  Saracen  Empire. 
1265     House   of  Commons  instituted  by  Simon  DeMont- 

ford,  Earl  of  Leicester. 

1269     Invasion  of  Asia  Minor  by  the  Ottoman  Turks. 
1272     Edward  I  came  to  the  throne. 
1298     Scottish  wars,  defeat  of  Wallace. 

. 


3§ 


1283     Conquest  of  Wales,  title  of  hereditary   descent  of 

the  King's  eldest  son,  viz. :     Prince  of  Wales. 
1314     Battle  of  Bannockburn. 
1320     Proper  mode  of  making  gunpowder. 
1333     Defeat  of  the  Scots  under  Robert  Bruce  ;  Subjuga- 
tion of  Scotland. 
1340     Edward  III   destroyed  the  French  fleet  in  a  naval 

battle. 
1401     The  first  English  martyr  burned  at  the  stake,  by 

order  of  the  Pope  of  Rome. 
1415     John  Huss  burned  at  the  stake. 
1415     Henry  V   defeated  five  times  his  own  number  in 

the  French  battle  at  Agincourt. 
1420     Treaty  of  Troyes  brought  about  by  the  marriage  of 

Henry  V  to  the  daughter  of  the  French  King. 
1429     Joan  of  Arc  inspired   Charles'  troops  and  led  them 

on  to  battle. 
1453     Constantinople  taken  by  Mohammed  II ;  End  of 

the  Eastern  division  of  the  Roman  Empire  called 

the  Greek  Empire. 
1457     Book  of  the  Psalms  of  David  published  in  German 

by  Faust  and  Schaffer. 
1483     Richard  the  III  came  to  the  thrpne. 
1492     Discovery  of  America  by  Columbus. 
1492     Granada  conquered  by  Ferdinand. 
1497     John  Sebastian  discovered  the  main  land  of  North 

America. 
1497     Doubling  of  the  Cape  of  Good  Hope  by  Vasto  da 

Gama. 
1509     Henry  VIII  came  to  the  English  throne. 

1512  Discovery  of  Florida  by  Prince  de  Leon. 

1513  Pacific  Ocean  first  seen  by  Balboa. 

1521  Henry  VIII  called  the  defender  of  the  faith  by 
the  Pope  of  Rome  on  account  of  a  treatise  against 
Martin  Luther. 

1517  Commencement  of  the  great  Reformation  by  Martin 
Luther. 

1540  The  Jesuits  began  their  order,  under  Loyala  their 

leader,  a  Spanish  soldier. 

1541  Mississippi  River  discovered  by  De  Soto. 


39 


1565  First  permanent  settlement  made  in  North  America 
at  St.  Augustine,  by  the  Spaniards. 

1523  Edward  VI  was  poisoned  on  account  of  his  friend- 
liness to  the  Protestants,  at  fifteen  years  of  age. 

1523  Lady  Jane  Grey  beheaded  for  her  Protestant  pro- 
clivities. 

1587     Execution  of  Mary,  Queen  of  Scots. 

1603     Death  of  Queen  Elizabeth. 

1605     Discovery  of  the  gunpowder  plot. 

1607     First  permanent  English  settlement  in  Jamestown. 

1609     Dutch  settled  New  Amsterdam,  now  New  York. 

1612     King  James'  translation  of  the  Bible. 

1620     Landing  of  the  Pilgrim  Fathers. 

1624  Richelieu,  Minister  to  France. 

1625  Death  of  James  I. 

1628  The  Petition  Right  established  by  law  of  Parlia- 
ment. 

1638     Origin  of  the  Order  of  Covenanters,  to  resist   the 

religious  observances  of  Charles  I. 
Long  Parliament. 

1640     Success  of  Cromwell  at  Marston  Moor. 

1649  Charles  I   beheaded  by  Cromwell's  Council. 

1650  Defeat  of  the  Scots  at  the  battle  of  Dunbar. 

1651  Charles  II  concealed  in  an  oak  tree  after  his  defeat 

at  Worcester. 
Navigation  act,  confining  trade  to  English  vessels. 

1652  Long  Parliament  dissolved  and  Cromwell  protector 
1657     Death  of  Cromwell. 

1660     Defeat  of  the  Dutch  in  a  naval  engagement  com- 
manded by  the  Duke  of  Albermarle. 
1665     Great  plague  in  London  and  the  great  fire. 

1679  Habeas  Corpus  Act. 

1680  Popish  plot  to  burn  London,  assassinate  the  King 

and  deliver  the  country  <o  the  French. 
1685     Death  of  Charles  II. 

1689  William  and  Mary  bringing  a  force  from  Holland, 

were  crowned,  and  they  dissolved  the  Papal  yoke. 

1690  Overthrow  of  the  Irish  forces  and  their  allies,  the 

French,  under  the  Roman  Catholics  ;    battle  of 
Boyne  Waters. 


40 


1702  Death  of  William. 

1704  British  took  possession  of  Gibraltar. 

1713  Treaty  of  Utrecht. 

1720  South  Sea  Bubble  exploded  with  great  ruin. 

1727  George  the  I   died. 

1732  George  Washington  born  in  Virginia. 

1744  Commodore  Anderson  finished  his  voyage  around 

the  world. 

1755  General  Braddock's  defeat. 

1759  Wolfe  took  Quebec  from  the  French. 

1760  George  the  III  ascended  the  throne.    • 
1769  Birth  of  Napoleon. 

1773  Tea  thrown  overboard  at  Boston. 

1774  First  Continental  Congress  met  in  Philadelphia. 
1777  Surrender  of  Burgoyne. 

1781  Surrender  of  Cornwalis,  at  Yorktown. 

1783  Independence  of  United  States  acknowledged. 

1789  Washington  first  President. 

1789  Revolution  in  France. 

1747  John  Byrone  invented  short-hand  writing. 

1798  Battle  of  the  Nile. 

1804  Napoleon  I  crowned  Emperor  of  France. 

1805  Battle  of  Trafalgar. 

1810  Divorce  of  Napoleon  from  Josephine. 

1815  Battle  of  Waterloo. 

1820  Death  of  George  III. 

1821  Death  of  Napoleon  at  St  Helena. 

1834  Slavery  abolished  from  the  English  Colonies. 

1837  Accession  of  Victoria. 

1853  Crimean  war  concluded. 

1846  Corn  Laws  repealed. 

1861  Death  of  Prince  Albert. 

1861  Siege  of  Fort  Sumpter  and  opening  of  civil  war  in 

United  States. 

186c  Assassination  of  Lincoln  by  J.  Wilkes  Booth. 


University  of  California 
SOUTHERN  REGIONAL  LIBRARY  FACILITY 
Return  this  material  to  the  li 
from  which  ifr-*-*'** 


40 


1702 
1704 
1713 
1720 
1727 


Death  of  William. 

British  took  possession  of  Gibraltar. 

Treaty  of  Utrecht. 

South  Sea  Bubble  exploded  with  great  ruin. 

George  the  I   died. 

George  Washington  born  in  Virginia. 

-J-%rp   Anderson  finished  his  voyage 


A  o 

" 


UNIVERSITY  of  CALIFORNIA 

AT 
LOS  ANGELES 

T  TUT?  ARY 


I 


UC  SOUTHERN  REGIONAL  LJBRAR^ 


University  of  California 

SOUTHERN  REGIONAL  LIBRARY  FACILITY 

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